This book is an overview and analysis of the global tradition of the outlaw hero. The mythology and history of the outlaw hero is traced from the Roman Empire to the present, showing how both real and mythic figures have influenced social, political, economic and cultural outcomes in many times and places. The book also looks at the contemporary continuations of the outlaw hero mythology, not only in popular culture and everyday life, but also in the current outbreak of global terrorism.

The book also presents a more general argument related to the importance of understanding folk and popular mythologies in historical contexts. Outlaw heroes have a strong purchase in high and popular culture, appearing in film, books, plays, music, drama, art, even ballet. To simply ignore and discard such powerful expressions without understanding their origins, persistence and especially their ongoing cultural consequences, is to refuse the opportunity to comprehend some profoundly important aspects of human behaviour. These issues are pursued through discussion of the processes through which real and mythical outlaw heroes are romanticised, sentimentalised, sanitised, commodified and mythologised. The result is a new position in the continuing controversy over the existence the ‘social bandit’ that highlights the central role of mythology in the creation and perpetuation of outlaw heroes.

Graham Seal is Professor of Folklore and Director of the Australia-Asia-Pacific Institute at Curtin University, Australia. He has a distinguished national profile as a founder of folklore studies in Australia, and is also a leading and widely cited international authority on the cultural traditions of the hero.

Preface; 1. Introduction: The Outlawed Hero; Part One: Myths and Histories; 2. Before Robin Hood; 3. Heroic Types; 4. Medieval Marauders; 5. Myth and History; Part Two: Politics and Identities; 6. Contested Frontiers; 7. Troubled Borders; 8. Identities; 9. Kingdoms in Miniature; Part Three: Legends and Commodities; 10. Afterlives; 11. Consuming Outlaws; 12. Lethal Legends; Part Four: The Global Outlaw; 13. The Robin Hood Principle; 14. The Common Good; Notes; Select Bibliography; Index

‘Folklorist Seal examines the durability of the outlaw as hero in the imaginations of the disenfranchised. […] Particularly valuable is the book’s final half, where Seal crafts a structural analysis outlining the cycle by which social and cultural circumstances transform the bandit into outlaw hero. Recommended.’ —M. L. Murray, Kean University, ‘Choice’

‘Generous and powerful…a fine and world-ranging survey, and a study presented with a compassionate identification and with a pleasing wit. It is, quite simply, Australia’s finest national and comparative volume in the global scholarship of the folkloric discipline… A rich, reflective and highly researched compilation, one which will certainly stand as a bold reference work… it will stand on the shelf alongside the other world classics’ —J. S. Ryan ‘Australian Folklore’

‘A wide-ranging account of the compelling power of the outlaw along the borders of history and mythology.’ —Professor Stephen Knight, University of Cardiff

‘This is a ground-breaking and masterly work. Outlaw heroes and their myths have always been with us, celebrated by the people but often ignored by historians. This book examines the historical phenomenon of the outlaw from a global perspective, and in the process offers a rich insight into the significance of outlaws in society. Formidably researched, it reaches across cultures, gender and generations, from Robin Hood to Ned Kelly, Phoolan Devi and Osama bin Laden.’ —Dr John McQuilton, University of Wollongong

‘In this splendid book, Professor Seal sift s the material for understandings of how sociological and psychological factors interact with each other in outlaw lore. He considers the tragic events and the human predicaments, and brings under the lens of scholarship a world dramatic and romantic, but also illusionary and sad.’ —Professor Dáithí Ó hÓgáin, University College Dublin